Ho rarolla mathata le ho lokisa ho li-PCB ho ka eketsa nako ea bophelo ea lipotoloho.Haeba PCB e fosahetseng e kopana le ts'ebetso ea kopano ea PCB, boto ea PCB e ka lokisoa ho latela mofuta oa ho se sebetse hantle.Ka tlase ke mekhoa e meng ea ho rarolla mathata le ho lokisa li-PCB.
1. Joang ho etsa taolo ea boleng ho PCB nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso?
Ka tloaelo, lifeme tsa PCB li na le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tse nolofalletsang taolo ea boleng ba li-PCB nakong eohle ea tlhahiso.
1.1.Tlhahlobo ea AOI
Tlhahlobo ea AOI e itlhahloba ka bo eona bakeng sa likarolo tse sieo, likarolo tse fosahetseng, le liphoso tse ling ho PCB.Thepa ea AOI e sebelisa lik'hamera ho nka litšoantšo tse ngata tsa PCB le ho li bapisa le liboto tsa litšupiso.Ha ho fumanoa ho se lumellane, ho ka bontša liphoso tse ka bang teng.
1.2.Tlhahlobo ea Flying Probe
Teko ea li-flying probe e sebelisoa ho khetholla lipotoloho tse khutšoane le tse bulehileng, likarolo tse fosahetseng (li-diode le li-transistors), le bofokoli ts'ireletso ea diode.Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho lokisa PCB e ka sebelisoa ho lokisa marikhoe a makhutšoanyane le liphoso tsa likarolo.
1.3.Liteko tsa FCT
FCT (Functional Test) e shebana haholo le tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea li-PCB.Litekanyetso tsa liteko hangata li fanoa ke lienjineri 'me li ka kenyelletsa liteko tse bonolo tsa switch.Maemong a mang, ho ka hlokahala software e khethehileng le liprothokholo tse nepahetseng.Teko e sebetsang e hlahloba ka ho toba tšebetso ea PCB tlas'a maemo a sebele a tikoloho.
2. Lisosa Tse Tloaelehileng Tsa Tšenyo ea PCB
Ho utloisisa lisosa tsa ho hloleha ha PCB ho ka u thusa ho tseba ka potlako liphoso tsa PCB.Mona ke tse ling tsa liphoso tse tloaelehileng:
Ho hloleha ha likarolo: Ho fetola likarolo tse nang le bokooa ho ka lumella potoloho hore e sebetse hantle.
Ho chesa haholo: Ntle le taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso, likarolo tse ling li ka cha.
Tšenyo 'meleng: Sena se bakoa haholo ke ho ts'oaroa ka mahlahahlaha,
e lebisang ho mapetsong a likarolo, manonyeletso a solder, likarolo tsa mask a solder, mesaletsa, le lipache.
Tšhilafatso: Haeba PCB e pepesehetse maemo a thata, mesaletsa le likarolo tse ling tsa koporo li ka 'na tsa senyeha.
3. Joang ho Troubleshoot PCB Liphoso?
Lenane le latelang ke mekhoa e 8:
3-1.Utloisisa moralo oa potoloho
Ho na le likarolo tse ngata ho PCB, tse hokahaneng ka mesaletsa ea koporo.E kenyelletsa phepelo ea motlakase, fatše, le matšoao a fapaneng.Ho feta moo, ho na le lipotoloho tse ngata, joalo ka li-filters, li-decoupling capacitor le li-inductors.Ho utloisisa tsena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tokiso ea PCB.
Ho tseba ho latela tsela ea hajoale le ho arola likarolo tse fosahetseng ho itšetlehile ka ho utloisisa moralo oa potoloho.Haeba moralo o sa fumanehe, ho ka hlokahala ho khutlisa moenjiniere oa moralo ho latela sebopeho sa PCB.
3-2.Tlhahlobo ea Pono
Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, ho chesa haholo ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa liphoso tsa PCB.Likarolo life kapa life tse cheleng, mesaletsa, kapa manonyeletso a solder a ka bonoa habonolo ha ho se na matla a kenang.Mehlala e meng ea mefokolo e kenyelletsa:
- Likarolo tse bulging / tse fetang / tse sieo
- Mesaletsa e senyehileng
- Li-solder tse batang
- Solder e feteletseng
- Likarolo tsa majoe a mabitla
- Lipampiri tse phahamisitsoeng/tse sieo
- Mapetsong a PCB
Tsena tsohle li ka bonoa ka tlhahlobo ea pono.
3-3.Bapisa le PCB e tšoanang
Haeba u na le PCB e 'ngoe e ts'oanang e sebetsang hantle' me e 'ngoe e fosahetse, ho ba bonolo haholo.O ka pono bapisa likarolo, misalignments, le mefokolo mesaletsa kapa vias.Ho feta moo, o ka sebelisa multimeter ho lekola lipalo tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa ha liboto ka bobeli.Litekanyetso tse tšoanang li lokela ho fumanoa kaha li-PCB tse peli lia tšoana.
3-4.Arola Likarolo Tse Fosahetseng
Ha tlhahlobo ea pono e sa lekana, o ka itšetleha ka lisebelisoa tse kang multimeter kapa meter ea LCR.Lekola karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka bonngoe ho latela li-database le litlhoko tsa moralo.Mehlala e kenyelletsa li-resistor, capacitor, inductors, diode, transistors, le li-LED.
Mohlala, o ka sebelisa tlhophiso ea diode ho multimeter ho lekola diode le transistors.Likopano tsa "base-collector" le "base-emitter" li sebetsa joalo ka diode.Bakeng sa meralo e bonolo ea boto ea potoloho, o ka sheba li-circuits tse bulehileng le tse khutšoane likhokahanong tsohle.Beha mitha feela ho hanyetsa kapa mokhoa oa ho tsoela pele 'me u tsoele pele ho leka khokahanyo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe.
Ha ho etsoa licheke, haeba lipalo li le ka har'a litlhaloso, karolo e nkoa e sebetsa hantle.Haeba lipalo li sa tloaeleha kapa li phahame ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebeletsoe kateng, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le mathata ka motsoako kapa li-solder.Ho utloisisa voltage e lebelletsoeng libakeng tsa liteko ho ka thusa tlhahlobong ea potoloho.
Mokhoa o mong oa ho lekola likarolo ke ka tlhahlobo ea nodal.Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho sebelisa motlakase ho likarolo tse khethiloeng ha o ntse o sa fe potoloho eohle matla le ho lekanya likarabo tsa motlakase (V-response).Hlalosa li-node tsohle ebe u khetha litšupiso tse amanang le likarolo tsa bohlokoa kapa mehloli ea matla.Sebelisa Molao oa Hona Joale oa Kirchhoff (KCL) ho bala li-voltage tse sa tsejoeng (tse fapaneng) le ho netefatsa hore na litekanyetso tsena li lumellana le tse lebelletsoeng.Haeba ho na le litaba tse hlokometsoeng sebakeng se itseng, se bontša phoso sebakeng seo.
3-5.Liteko tse Kopantsoeng Lipotoloho
Ho lekola li-circuits tse kopaneng e ka ba mosebetsi o moholo ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha tsona.Mona ke liteko tse ling tse ka etsoang:
- Hlalosa matšoao 'ohle' me u leke IC u sebelisa logic analyzer kapa oscilloscope.
- Lekola hore na IC e shebile ka nepo.
- Netefatsa hore manonyeletso ohle a solder a hokahantsoeng le IC a maemong a matle a ho sebetsa.
- Lekola boemo ba licheso leha e le life tsa mocheso kapa liphaephe tsa mocheso tse hokahaneng le IC ho netefatsa hore ho na le mocheso o nepahetseng.
3-6.Teko ea Phepelo ea Matla
Ho rarolla mathata a phepelo ea motlakase, hoa hlokahala ho lekanya li-voltages tsa terene.Ho baloa ho voltmeter ho ka bonts'a boleng ba ho kenya le ho tsoa ha likarolo.Liphetoho tsa motlakase li ka bontša mathata a ka bang teng a potoloho.Mohlala, ho bala 0V seporong ho ka bonts'a potoloho e khuts'oane ea phepelo ea motlakase, e lebisang ho ho chesoa ha karolo.Ka ho etsa liteko tsa botšepehi ba matla le ho bapisa boleng bo lebelletsoeng le litekanyo tsa 'nete, phepelo ea motlakase e nang le bothata e ka aroloa.
3-7.Ho Khetholla Li-Hotspots tsa Potoloho
Ha mefokolo ea pono e sa fumanehe, tlhahlobo ea 'mele ka ente ea matla e ka sebelisoa ho lekola potoloho.Likamano tse fosahetseng li ka hlahisa mocheso, o ka utluoang ka ho beha letsoho holim'a boto ea potoloho.Kgetho e 'ngoe ke ho sebelisa k'hamera ea litšoantšo e futhumatsang, eo hangata e ratoang bakeng sa li-circuits tse nang le matla a tlase.Mehato e hlokahalang ea tšireletso e lokela ho nkoa ho qoba likotsi tsa motlakase.
Mokhoa o mong ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore u sebelisa letsoho le le leng feela bakeng sa tlhahlobo.Haeba sebaka se chesang se fumanoa, se hloka ho theoleloa fatše, ebe lintlha tsohle tsa khokahanyo li lokela ho hlahlojoa ho fumana hore na bothata bo hokae.
3-8.Ho rarolla mathata ka mekhoa ea ho hlahloba matšoao
Ho sebelisa mokhoa ona, ho bohlokoa ho ba le kutloisiso ea boleng bo lebelletsoeng le mefuta ea maqhubu libakeng tsa liteko.Teko ea motlakase e ka etsoa libakeng tse fapaneng ho sebelisoa multimeter, oscilloscope kapa sesebelisoa sefe kapa sefe sa ho ts'oara maqhubu.Ho hlahloba liphello ho ka thusa ho khetholla liphoso.
4. Lisebelisoa Tse Hlokahalang Bakeng sa Tokiso ea PCB
Pele o lokisa lintho leha e le life, ke habohlokoa ho bokella lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa mosebetsi oo, joalokaha maele a bolela, 'thipa e bohlasoa e ke ke ea rema patsi.'
● Tafole ea ho sebetsa e nang le ESD grounding, sockets ea motlakase le mabone ke ea bohlokoa.
● Ho fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso, lihitara tsa infrared kapa preheaters li ka 'na tsa hlokoa ho futhumatsa boto ea potoloho pele.
● Ho hlokahala mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho cheka bakeng sa ho phunya le ho bula masoba nakong ea ho lokisa.Tsamaiso ena e lumella ho laola bophara le botebo ba li-slots.
● Ho hlokahala tšepe e ntle ea solder bakeng sa ho kopanya ho tiisa hore ho na le li-solder tse nepahetseng.
● Ho phaella moo, electroplating e ka boela ea hlokahala.
● Haeba lesela la mask la solder le senyehile, le tla hloka ho lokisoa.Maemong a joalo, epoxy resin layer e molemo.
5. Litlhokomelo tsa Tšireletso nakong ea Tokiso ea PCB
Ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato ea thibelo ho qoba likotsi tsa polokeho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tokiso.
● Thepa e Sireletsang: Ha u sebetsana le mocheso o phahameng kapa matla a phahameng, ho apara thepa ea ho itšireletsa hoa hlokahala.Likhalase tsa tšireletso le liatlana li lokela ho apesoa nakong ea li-soldering le ho phunya, ho sireletsa khahlanong le likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Ho roala liatlana ha u ntse u lokisa li-PCB.
● Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Ho thibela ho tsosoa ha motlakase ho bakoang ke ESD, etsa bonnete ba hore u hula mohloli oa matla le ho ntša motlakase leha e le ofe o setseng.U ka boela ua roala mabanta a fatše kapa ua sebelisa limmete tsa anti-static ho fokotsa kotsi ea ESD.
6. Joang ho lokisa PCB?
Liphoso tse tloahelehileng ho PCB hangata li kenyelletsa bofokoli ho mesaletsa, likaroloana, le lipache tsa solder.
6-1.Ho Lokisa Mesaletsa e Senyehileng
Ho lokisa mesaletsa e robehileng kapa e senyehileng ho PCB, sebelisa ntho e bohale ho pepesa bokaholimo ba mohlala oa pele le ho tlosa mask a solder.Hloekisa bokaholimo ba koporo ka solvent ho tlosa lithōle leha e le life, ho thusa ho finyella tsoelo-pele e ntle ea motlakase.
Ntle le moo, o ka solder lithapo tsa jumper ho lokisa mesaletsa.Netefatsa hore bophara ba terata bo tsamaellana le bophara ba trace bakeng sa conductivity e nepahetseng.
6-2.Ho Fetola Likarolo Tse Fosahetseng
Ho fetola likarolo tse senyehileng
Ho tlosa likarolo tse fosahetseng kapa solder e feteletseng ho tloha manonyeletso a solder, hoa hlokahala ho qhibiliha solder, empa tlhokomelo e lokela ho nkoa ho qoba ho hlahisa khatello ea mocheso sebakeng se potolohileng.Ho latela mehato e ka tlase ho fetola likarolo tsa potoloho:
● Chesa manonyeletso a solder ka potlako u sebelisa tšepe ea tšepe kapa sesebelisoa sa ho qhibilihisa.
● Hang ha solder e qhibilihisoa, sebelisa pompo e senyang ho ntša metsi.
● Ka mor'a ho tlosa likhokahano tsohle, karolo e tla tlosoa.
● Ka mor'a moo, kopanya karolo e ncha 'me u e rekise sebakeng sa eona.
● Fokotsa bolelele bo fetelletseng ba karolo ea pele u sebelisa lithapo tsa terata.
● Etsa bonnete ba hore li-terminals li hokahane ho latela polarity e hlokahalang.
6-3.Ho Lokisa Liphaele Tsa Solder tse Senyehileng
Ha nako e ntse e tsoela pele, lisebelisoa tsa solder ho PCB li ka phahamisa, tsa senya kapa tsa robeha.Mona ke mekhoa ea ho lokisa li-pads tse senyehileng:
Lisebelisoa tsa Solder tse Phahamisitsoeng: Hloekisa sebaka ka solvent u sebelisa swab ea k'hothone.Ho tlama pad sebakeng sa eona, sebelisa conductive epoxy resin holim'a solder pad ebe u e tobetsa, ho lumella epoxy resin hore e fole pele e tsoela pele ka mokhoa oa soldering.
Lisebelisoa tsa Solder tse Senyehileng kapa tse Silafetseng: Tlosa kapa u khaole pad ea solder e senyehileng, u pepese marang-rang a hokahaneng ka ho hlakola maske a solder ho potoloha pad.Hloekisa sebaka seo ka solvent u sebelisa swab ea k'hothone.Letlapeng le lecha la solder (le hokahaneng le mohlala), sebelisa lesela la conductive epoxy resin 'me le le boloke sebakeng sa lona.Ka mor'a moo, eketsa resin ea epoxy pakeng tsa trace le solder pad.E phekole pele u tsoela pele ka mokhoa oa soldering.
Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co.,LTD
2023-7-20
Nako ea poso: Jul-21-2023
